Earth, Torpical Red. A uniform, friable and porous red soil which may contain a laterite horizon. ( BCFT). Cf. Loam, tropical red; Latosol.

Echard ( Ecol.). That fraction of the total amount of water in the soil which is not available for use by plants. See Holard; Chresard. Holard minus chresard= Echard.

Ecoclimate. Climate operatimg as an ecological factor. The sum of the meteorological factors within a habitat. ( BCFT).

Ecocline. ( Genet.). A cline correlated with ecological factors. Cf. Topocline. ( BCFT).

Ecology. The study of plants and /or animals in relation to their environment. See Autecology; Synecology.

Ecotone ( Ecol.). The transition zone (or tension belt ) between two adjoining communities irrespective of their ecological status.

Ecotype (a) ( Ecol). An element of a Linnaean species separable on the basis of its assocction with particular habitat factors. (b) ( Genet.). A biotype resulting from selection with referenc to a particular habitat. ( BCFT modif.).

Ectodynamorphic ( Ped.). Soils whose properties are influenced mainly by factors other than parent material. See Endodynamorphic. ( SSSA).

Edaphic. Pertaining to the soil in its ecological relationships. ( BCFT). See Edaphic factors.

Edaphic Factors. Ecological influences characteristic of the soil, brought about by its physical and chemical characteristics.

Edaphology. ( Ped.). The scientific study of the relationships between soils and living things, including man's use of the land. ( SSSA).

Eluviation. ( Ped.). Removal of soil material from the upper to the lower horizon in solution or in colloidal suspension . ( SSSA).

Enclave. A patch of territory completely surrounded by a larger area from which it differs in some essential respect, e.g., an area within but not forming part of a forest reserve; a specific consociation within can association. ( BCFT).

Endemic. (a) ( Genl.). Confined in its indigenous occurrence to a particular region. (b) ( Entom). The normal population level of a potentially destructive species. Cf. Epidemic. ( BCFT).

Endodynamorphic. ( Ped.). Soils whose properties are influenced mainly by parent material ( SSSA).

Endogenous. Produced within another body. Anton. Exogenous. ( BCFT).

Energy Period. The duration in days of the rest for germinative energy; usully the time during which germination occurs rapidly and continuously. Also the time from the inception of the test to a distinct flattening of the cumulative germination precentage curve. ( BCFT).

Entomophilous Plants. Plants characterized by entomophily.

Entomophily. A Pollination by insects.

Enumeration. ( Mens.) The counting, singly or together, of individuals of one or more species in a forest crop and their classification by species, size, condition, etc. ( BCFT modif.). Enumeration may be complete (total) or partial (sample); a partial enumeration may by carried out on separate sample plots or in strips or lines. See Survey, strip. Syn. Forest inventory; Stocktaking. Cf. Cruise; Survey, forest.

Environment. ( Ecol.) All the biotic factor and aboitic factors of a site. Syn. Locality ( BCFT). Cf. Habitat; Site.

Environmental Resistance. The sum of the factors limiting the numbers of an organism in a specific environment ( BCFT).

Epicormic Branch (or Shoot). Branches originating in clusters from a dormant bud or adventitious bud on the trunk of a tree or on an older branch, when exposed to some adverse influenci, such as excessive light, fire and suppression.

Epidemic ( Entom.) . A marked and generally rapid increase in the population of a pest or agent of disease. Cf. Endemic . ( BCFT).

Epiphyte. A plant growing on, but not nourished by, another plant. Cf. Parasite. ( BCFT).

Equation, Regression ( Stat.) A mathematical expression of the best fitting line or curve describing the relationship between two or more variables. ( USFT).

Eremophyte. A plant characteristic of the desert or steppe.

Erosion. The removal of soil and rock material by water, wind and gravity; generally refers to accelerated erosion.

Erosion, Accelerated. Abnormally rapid erosion in an environment disturbed by animal life, chiefly man, and due primarily to such disturbance. ( BCFT.).

Erosion, Normal. The removal of soil and rock material by water, wind and gravity, in a manner and at a rate characteristic of the land surface in its natural environment; sometimes referred to as geological erosion. ( BCFT modif.).

Erosion,Gully. A form of erosion caused by water, in which gullies are produced.

Erosion, Rill. A form of erosion caused by water, in which numerous very small and more or less straight channels are produced; the channels get obliterated by ordinary use.

Erosion , Sheet. Erosion of a fairly uniform layer of material from the land surface; often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. ( BCFT).

Erosion, Splash. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the Crumb structure by rain-drops of drip. ( BCFT).

Erosion, Pavement. A layer of more resistant material left exposed by the erosion of soil overlying it. ( BCFT).

Error, Experimental ( Stat.). The variations between plots or other experimental units, due to causes other than the treatments that have been applied . May refer to a variance of a staandard error. Does not imply a mistarke, but limitations a of material and method. ( BCFT).

Error, Standard ( S.E.) ( Stat.). A measure of the exent to which repeated determinations of a quantity of a sample mean or of a comparison between the means, would vary among themselves. The standard error can be obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the number of observations. ( BCFT).

Escape. A plant originally cultivated, now found wild. ( BCFT).

Establishment. Development of a new, crop, naturally or assisted, to a stage where the young Regeneration, natural or artificial, is considered safe from normal adverse influences such as frost, drought or weeds, and no longer needs special protection or tending operations other that cleaning, thinning and pruning. ( BCFT),

Establishment period. The period between the initiation of natural regeneration or the formation of a plantation and its being considered established. ( BCFT.).

Eugenic ( Genet.). Tending towards racial improvement. Anton. Dysgenic .( BCFT.).

Evaporimeter. An instrument used to measure the rate of evaporation of water. Cf. Atmometer. ( BCFT).

Even-Aged. Applied to a stand consisting of trees of approximately the same age. Differences upto 25% of the rotation age may be allowed in cases where a stand is not harvested for 100 or more years. Anton. Uneven-aged.

Evergreen. Never entirely without green foliage, leaves persisting until a new set has appeared. Cf. Deciduous ( BCFT).

Exacting. Making high demands as regards soil and other factors. ( BCFT). Cf. Tolerance.

Exchangeable Cation Percentage ( Ped.). This term indicates the degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with a cation and is defined as follow :

ECP = ( Exchangeable Cation (me.per 100 g. soil ) / Cation-exchange capacity (me per 100 g.)) X 100 ( SSSA).

Exogenous. Produced on the outside of another body. Anton. Endogenous. ( BCFT).

Exotic. Not native to the area in question. Anton. Indigenous. ( BCFT).

Exposure. The relation of a site to weather conditions, especially sun and wind. Cf. Aspect. ( BCFT).

Extinguish,To (a) (Fire). The put out a fire completely. (b) (Legal). A term applied to the process of legally terminating forest rights. ( BCFT modif.).